NCLEX Flashcards - Free Study Cards for NCLEX-RN & NCLEX-PN

Answer / Definition

Class: Opioid analgesic | Indication: Moderate to severe pain, labor pain, sedation | Action: Alters pain perception by binding to opiate receptors | Nursing: Use caution with MAOIs, may cause confusion/hallucinations/sedation, monitor CNS depression, administer slowly IV

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Answer / Definition

Class: Histamine H2 antagonist, antiulcer | Indication: Duodenal ulcers, GERD, heartburn, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome | Action: Inhibits histamine leading to decreased gastric acid secretion | Nursing: Increases warfarin levels, may cause respiratory infection/arrhythmias/agranulocytosis, monitor CBC

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Answer / Definition

Class: Antipyretic, non-opioid analgesic | Indication: Arthritis, ischemic stroke and MI prophylaxis | Action: Inhibits prostaglandin production, decreases platelet aggregation | Nursing: Use caution in bleeding disorders, increases bleeding risk with warfarin/heparin, monitor liver function

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Answer / Definition

Class: Antiviral, purine analogues | Indication: Genital herpes, herpes zoster, chickenpox | Action: Interferes with viral DNA synthesis | Nursing: May cause seizures, renal failure, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, monitor renal function, assess lesions

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Answer / Definition

Class: Beta-adrenergic agonist, inotropic | Indication: Short-term heart failure management | Action: Positive inotropic effect, increases cardiac output, stimulates Beta1 receptors | Nursing: Monitor hemodynamics (hypertension, increased HR, PVCs), beta blockers negate effects, monitor cardiac output/peripheral pulses, don't confuse with dopamine

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Answer / Definition

Class: Calcium channel blocker, antianginal, antiarrhythmic | Indication: Hypertension, angina, SVT, A-fib, A-flutter | Action: Inhibits calcium transport, decreases HR, causes vasodilation | Nursing: Contraindicated in 2nd/3rd AV block, may cause arrhythmias/CHF/bradycardia/gingival hyperplasia, increases digoxin, avoid grapefruit, monitor EKG

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Answer / Definition

Class: Antacid | Indication: Hypocalcemia, osteoporosis prevention, antacid | Action: Essential for nervous/muscular/skeletal systems | Nursing: May cause cardiac arrest/arrhythmias, hypercalcemia increases digoxin toxicity, encourage vitamin D intake, monitor parathyroid hormone

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Answer / Definition

Class: Anticholinergic, antimuscarinic, antiarrhythmic | Indication: Decrease secretions, treat bradycardia/heart block, bronchospasm | Action: Inhibits acetylcholine causing increased HR, bronchodilation, decreased secretions | Nursing: Avoid in acute hemorrhage/tachycardia/glaucoma, monitor for tachycardia, may cause urinary retention/constipation

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Answer / Definition

Class: Corticosteroid, antiasthmatic | Indication: Cerebral edema, assess for Cushing's Disease | Action: Suppresses inflammation and immune response | Nursing: Avoid in active infections, may cause CNS alterations/peptic ulcers/Cushingoid appearance/weight gain/osteoporosis, may elevate blood sugars, monitor liver profile

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Answer / Definition

Class: Antipyretic, non-opioid analgesic | Indication: Pain, fever | Action: Inhibits synthesis of prostaglandins | Nursing: Do not exceed 4g per day, overdose leads to hepatotoxicity, Acetadote is antidote, may increase bleed risk with warfarin

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Answer / Definition

Class: Antithrombotic | Indication: Prevention of VTE, DVT, PE | Action: Prevents thrombus formation by potentiating antithrombin | Nursing: Contraindicated in pork hypersensitivity, monitor for bleeding, administer subcutaneously, DO NOT eject air bubble, DO NOT aspirate or massage site

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Answer / Definition

Class: Opioid agonist | Indication: Pain management, diarrhea, cough suppressant | Action: Binds to opiate receptors, alters pain perception, produces CNS depression | Nursing: May cause altered mentation/hypotension/constipation, assess BP/pulse/respirations, use caution with MAOIs, Narcan is antidote

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Answer / Definition

Class: Lipid-lowering agent | Indication: High cholesterol, primary prevention of cardiovascular disease | Action: Lowers total cholesterol and LDL while slightly increasing HDL. Inhibits HMG-CoA reductase | Nursing: Contraindicated in active liver disease, may cause rhabdomyolysis, monitor serum cholesterol and liver function tests

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Answer / Definition

Class: Antacid, mineral supplement | Indication: Hypocalcemia, osteoporosis prevention, hyperphosphatemia with ESRD | Action: Essential for nervous/muscular/skeletal systems | Nursing: May cause cardiac arrest/arrhythmias, hypercalcemia increases digoxin toxicity, administer slowly, monitor parathyroid hormone

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Answer / Definition

Class: Bone resorption inhibitor, bisphosphonates | Indication: Osteoporosis | Action: Inhibits osteoclast activity | Nursing: Take first thing in morning with full glass of water 30 min before eating, remain upright 30 min after, assess serum calcium and vitamin D

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Answer / Definition

Class: NSAID, antirheumatic | Indication: Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, acute pain | Action: Decreases pain/inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis | Nursing: Use caution with cardiovascular disease, increases MI/CVA/thrombosis risk, may cause GI bleeding/Stevens-Johnson

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Answer / Definition

Class: Antihistamine, antitussive | Indication: Allergy, anaphylaxis, sedation, motion sickness, cough | Action: Antagonizes histamine, CNS depression | Nursing: May cause drowsiness/dry mouth/thick secretions/hypotension/blurred vision, anticholinergic effects, avoid other OTC cough/cold remedies

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Answer / Definition

Class: Cephalosporin 3rd generation | Indication: Skin infections, otitis media | Action: Bactericidal, binds to bacterial cell wall | Nursing: Contraindicated in cephalosporin/possibly penicillin allergies, may cause seizures/pseudomembranous colitis, monitor for bleeding, assess for superinfection

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Answer / Definition

Class: Anticholinergic, Antiparkinson | Indication: Parkinson's disease, reduce rigidity and tremors | Action: Anticholinergic properties in CNS | Nursing: May cause arrhythmias/hypotension/tachycardia, anticholinergic effects like dry mouth/constipation, assess extrapyramidal symptoms

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Answer / Definition

Class: Anti-infective | Indication: Skin/respiratory infections, septicemia, intra-abdominal infections, osteomyelitis | Action: Inhibits protein synthesis | Nursing: May cause arrhythmias, pseudomembranous colitis, diarrhea, phlebitis, monitor bowel function, obtain cultures before therapy, monitor liver/CBC

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Answer / Definition

Class: Adrenergic agonist, bronchodilator, vasopressor | Indication: Asthma/COPD exacerbations, allergic reactions, cardiac arrest | Action: Beta1/Beta2 and alpha agonist, causes bronchodilation, increases HR/BP | Nursing: May cause angina/tachycardia/hypertension/hyperglycemia, use with MAOI causes hypertensive crisis, avoid stimulants, excessive use causes bronchospasm

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Answer / Definition

Class: Anticonvulsant | Indication: Seizures, DM neuropathy, trigeminal neuralgia pain | Action: Affects Na channels in neurons | Nursing: Interferes with oral contraceptives, don't use with MAOIs, may cause suicidal thoughts/Stevens-Johnson/agranulocytosis, avoid grapefruit, monitor CBC/drug levels

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Answer / Definition

Class: Cephalosporin 2nd generation | Indication: Respiratory infections, skin infections, otitis media | Action: Bactericidal, binds to bacterial cell wall | Nursing: Contraindicated in cephalosporin/possibly penicillin allergies, may cause seizures/pseudomembranous colitis, obtain cultures before therapy

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Answer / Definition

Class: Antiarrhythmic, inotropic | Indication: CHF, A-fib, A-flutter | Action: Positive inotropic effect, increases cardiac output, slows rate | Nursing: Hypokalemia/hypercalcemia increase toxicity risk, monitor pulse for 1 min (hold if <60), toxicity signs include vision changes (blurred, yellow/green vision)

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Answer / Definition

Class: Anti-infective, aminopenicillin | Indication: Skin/respiratory infections, sinusitis, endocarditis prophylaxis | Action: Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis | Nursing: Contraindicated with penicillin allergy, may cause seizures, assess for rash/anaphylaxis, monitor for diarrhea

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Answer / Definition

Class: Antiplatelet agent | Indication: Atherosclerotic events, MI, CVA, PVD, acute coronary syndrome | Action: Antiplatelet effect | Nursing: May cause GI bleeding/neutropenia, increases bleeding risk with warfarin/aspirin/heparin, monitor bleeding times/CBC/platelets, discontinue 5-7 days before surgery

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Answer / Definition

Class: Tricyclic antidepressant | Indication: Depression, anxiety, insomnia | Action: Increases serotonin and norepinephrine in CNS | Nursing: Contraindicated in MI/CHF/QT prolongation, may increase suicidal ideation, monitor orthostatic hypotension, may turn urine blue/green, use sunscreen

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Answer / Definition

Class: Inotropic, vasopressor, adrenergic | Indication: Improve BP, cardiac output, urine output | Action: Smaller doses cause renal vasodilation, 2-10mcg/kg/min cardiac stimulation, >10mcg/kg/min vasoconstriction | Nursing: Monitor hemodynamics closely (BP, HR, EKG, CVP), titrate to appropriate BP, may cause IV site irritation, beta blockers counteract effects

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Answer / Definition

Class: Cephalosporin 1st generation | Indication: Skin infections, pneumonia, UTI, otitis media | Action: Bactericidal, binds to bacterial cell wall | Nursing: Contraindicated with cephalosporin/serious penicillin allergies, may cause seizures/pseudomembranous colitis, obtain cultures before therapy

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Answer / Definition

Class: Antiparkinson, Dopamine agonist | Indication: Parkinson's disease | Action: Levodopa converts to dopamine, carbidopa prevents levodopa destruction | Nursing: May cause orthostatic hypotension/dark urine, takes weeks to months for effect, don't use with MAOIs/glaucoma/melanoma

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Answer / Definition

Class: Antipsychotic, antiemetic | Indication: Schizophrenia, psychosis, nausea/vomiting, pre-op sedation | Action: Anticholinergic activity, alters dopamine effects | Nursing: May cause neuroleptic malignant syndrome/tardive dyskinesia/hypotension/agranulocytosis, monitor mental status/BP, monitor CBC/liver function

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Answer / Definition

Class: Benzodiazepine, anti-anxiety | Indication: Anxiety, panic disorder, PMS, insomnia | Action: CNS depression producing anxiolytic effect | Nursing: May cause CNS depression/drowsiness, physical dependence, Flumazenil is antidote, grapefruit juice increases levels

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Answer / Definition

Class: Anti-infective | Indication: URI, bronchitis, respiratory infections, otitis media, skin infections, STIs | Action: Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis | Nursing: May cause pseudomembranous colitis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, increases warfarin toxicity risk, monitor for anaphylaxis

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Answer / Definition

Class: Immunosuppressant, antirheumatic | Indication: Prevent transplant rejection, severe RA, ulcerative colitis | Action: Inhibits normal immune response | Nursing: May cause seizures/tremors/hypertension/hepatotoxicity/gingival hyperplasia, avoid grapefruit, assess for organ rejection, monitor renal/liver, lifelong therapy for transplants

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Answer / Definition

Class: Antidepressant, smoking deterrent | Indication: Depression, smoking cessation, ADHD | Action: Antidepressant effect | Nursing: May cause seizures/suicidal thoughts, don't use with MAOI, use caution with renal/liver impairment, avoid alcohol

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Answer / Definition

Class: Beta blocker, antianginal, antihypertensive | Indication: Hypertension, angina, MI prevention | Action: Blocks beta1 receptors in SNS | Nursing: Contraindicated in CHF/pulmonary edema/bradycardia, monitor HR/BP, masks diabetes symptoms, change positions slowly

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Answer / Definition

Class: Fluoroquinolone, anti-infective | Indication: UTI, gonorrhea, respiratory infections, skin/bone infections | Action: Inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis | Nursing: May cause QT prolongation, seizures, arrhythmias, pseudomembranous colitis, Stevens-Johnson, monitor renal panel/liver function

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Answer / Definition

Class: ACE Inhibitor, antihypertensive | Indication: Hypertension, CHF, DM neuropathy | Action: Blocks angiotensin I to II conversion, increases renin, decreases aldosterone | Nursing: Can cause neutropenia, use cautiously with potassium supplements, administer 1 hour before meals, may cause dry cough, monitor BP/renal/CBC

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Answer / Definition

Class: Calcium channel blocker, antihypertensive | Indication: Hypertension, angina | Action: Blocks calcium transport inhibiting muscle contraction | Nursing: May cause gingival hyperplasia, grapefruit increases levels, monitor BP/pulse, assess for CHF signs

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Answer / Definition

Class: Stimulant laxative | Indication: Constipation, bowel regimen | Action: Stimulates peristalsis, causes fluid accumulation in colon | Nursing: May cause hypokalemia, abdominal cramps, use caution with milk, drink 1500-2000 mL/day, monitor electrolytes

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